What is Globalization?_Bongnyoung Heo

1. Summary






Globalization is a very general and specific concept also. It is common because we have to cover as many world views as there are in the world, and it is specific because we are interested in the characteristic features of what is called globalization.






What is globalization? It is very difficult to answer the question in an abstract way, On the other hand, there are a number of specific examples including global governance, global citizenship, human rights, migration and refugees. There have been numerous attempts to create a clear and systematic methods to closely analyze the overall commonalities and differences of globalization that can be answered in this particular way, but in the end they have to admit that globalization is essentially a controversial concept. (However, it is rather unnecessary to claim uniqueness, given the similarity of conclusions among many scholars who have defined globalization personally.)



Still, attempts to define globalization in a manipulative manner followed much debate, which resulted from global differences of view. The difference in many worldviews derived from the gap between the rich and poor, social position and national power is not an insurmountable nature For this reason, many scholars refer to globalization as a plural rather than a single globalization process.


Indeed, the term globalization has spread worldwide since 1989 when communism collapsed. From this point on, the concept of globalization begins to be represented by the unidimensional concept of economics by the rise of capitalism. It becomes a symbol of what people think of as a 'nasty' aspect of globalization. However, when many sociological factors were ignored while concentrating on the capitalist concept of globalization, the anti-globalization movement took place in the 1990s, and the multidimensional approach of development developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and many studies on globalization were derived.






Against this backdrop of globalization theory, the idea was that the world was becoming a "single place." The unifying of the world, represented by "unicity," has had a lot of academic and political impact, including increasing questions about topics such as sovereignty and territory.


Many sociologists define the economy, politics and culture in three main dimensions of globalization. These three are very closely connected. McDonaldization, a concept created by Ritzer, allows transnational companies in the West to do business for economic gain but cultural adaptation is made to promote sales in each country. This kind of problem is expressed in the concept of glocalization. Sociologists also tend to underestimate the social dimension of globalization, and the spread of social interaction and communication represented by the Internet or mobile phones is also an important aspect of globalization.






Problems related to the form of globalization were raised by Immanuel Wallerstein. He raised early clues to an important study of the global capitalist system, a system that unifies the modern world. There also appears totalitarian ideas such as imperialism and fascism on the issue of unifying the world. These ideas may be regarded as one-of-a-kind, but they have become an important issue as attempts have taken place to recognize a protoglobalization by combining imperial movements with modern society.
The author also explains that the concept of a nation-state that has constituted a human society for centuries is not in decline and it is also part of globalization. Rather, the reason for globalization emerged to exist as a nation-state, and it also served to establish the identity of migrants on the issue of multicultural society and refugees, a problem derived from globalization.


Next, including the selves in the framework of globalization cannot be excluded from the scope of globalization either. Individualism taking place around the world isolates individuals and gradually increases responsibility for their actions. This phenomenon, in which society relies on individual efforts, is very dangerous because it can turn into a manipulation of an individual's identity.






2. What was interesting?/What did you learn?






What is globalization? It looks like a simple question, but it was never simple. In the article, the author does not define what globalization is. This is because it is essentially a very controversial concept and it is not easy to generalize. Everything in this article was new and interesting because I usually had only fragmentary knowledge of globalization. Reading the theories of scholars such as Velho, Ritzer, and Wallerstein was a totally new experience for me. I also learned about so many interesting subjects such as the global spread of globalization following the collapse of East Germany, the terrorist attacks of the Middle East against the West represented by the United States and resource competition hidden within it, religious war, and 4 dimensions of globalization, the relationship between Global and local and Glocalization.






3. Discussion Point:






the inclusion of selves within the general frame of global change has been motored by the conviction that it is not viable to exclude individuals – or, more generally, local life - was very interesting, but in the process of individualization resulting from such individual globalization, I realized that there was so much in sight in urbanized modern society that individuals were isolated and makes her or him more and more responsible for her/his action. How can we solve this ill of modern society where society relies on individual inputs and individuals who do not live up to expectations become losers? From a digitized modern society to an agrarian society again, it seems impossible and not efficient to return to a rural community. I think we need to discuss how to address the side effects of globalization.

Blog Assignment 1 - What Is Globalization? / Minjeong Lee

1. Summary

Globalization is a complex, pluralistic mix of elements. One of the views on globalization is that it is difficult to define, and there are differences in perspective, including global governance, global citizenship, human rights, and immigration. The other is that globalization is a target, perspective, and horizontal line. These two views converge into one through the multidimensional view of globalization.

Globalization can be seen in many areas, such as political, cultural, and economic factors. In the past, political globalization was carried out through war. Today, on the other hand, it's tried through diplomacy and international organizations. Cultural globalization is the most prominent part of globalization, for example Westernization and McDonaldization. Economic globalization is increasing the economic interdependence of national economies around the world as cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital increases dramatically.

The term 'Glocalization' represents globalization best. It's a new term, a management strategy that adapts to local culture and meets customer needs while pursuing globalization. For globalization, localization strategies that differentiate and produce products according to the needs of the local market are critical.

There are three characteristics of globalization. First, the two directions of globalization are to increase global connectivity and raise global awareness. Second, countries around the world are joined by many international organizations. We can discuss both international and domestic issues through international organizations. This is one of the biggest characteristics of globalization. Third, globalization consists of culture, society, politics and economics, the main aspects of human life.

2. New/Interesting/Unusual things I learned

I thought globalization was simply the political, cultural and economic component of one society that was accepted by another. Through this article, I learned that globalization may change depending on the characteristics of the society as the elements of the existing society spread to other societies.

3. Discussion

International organizations such as the WTO, EU, NATO and OECD are examples of economic globalization. They believe that while globalization is a positive effect, developing countries that do not belong to international organizations are more marginalized. There are countries that grow and fall behind as globalization progresses. In order to achieve a true globalization, these negatives must also be considered. What do you think about this problem?

What is globalization? - Nasuin

1) What is globalization?

Globalization is a general, concrete concept to deal with the views of every part of the world. Despite efforts to analyse the concept of globalization objectively and systematically, it tends to be rejected and unacceptable by different perspectives around the world. Therefore, many scholars study about globalizations in the plural. Velho (1997) has spoken of globalization as an object, a perspective and a horizon. This can address globalization objectively and extensively. Many sociological approaches were ignored as the capitalist approach of globalization was focused. The approach developed for this phenomenon was very multi-dimensional and ideological.

 

It is common to think that the function of globalization lies in connectivity. people who focus on connectivity tend to neglect subjective and cultural factors. However, both connectivity and consciousness have to be unravelled.

Bush's proclamation is completely opposed to Huntington's paper on the clash of civilizations. Huntington said the civilisation dispute stems, among other things, from differences in concepts about the nature and purpose of human life. Therefore, it is a very big mistake to overlook the cultural aspect of globalization.

 

There are three main dimension in globalization It is economic, policy and cultural. From a cultural point of view, Ritzer has the concept of McDonaldization. This refers to the spread of certain social and economic practices from cultural powers to other countries by big businesses such as McDonald's and Nike. The gist of cultural and economic views on globalization is that the expansion of capitalism, ironically, affects cultural expansion. Also, globalization has been dealt with a lot by sociologists, but ironically it has been rather left relatively unattended by sociologists. However, social interaction and spread of communication played an important role in the globalization process, and it is difficult to imagine connectivity without them. In sum major dimensions of globalization are indeed the cultural, the social, the political and the economic. And there is no need to say what is more important.

 

The issue of the form (or the pattern) of globalization was raised most by Immanuel Wallerstein(1974, 1980, 1989). From his point of view, the present world society, the global region, etc. were achieved by the expansion of capitalism. As for the form of globalization, we see that forms have different dimensions and sides, and that the process of globalization is effective in adapting to certain forms and in general ways.

First, the national anthem should be viewed as part of the globalization process. The debates about their identities are important things that show the importance of a nation-state in the process of globalization. Second,, it can be excluded from global change through the personalization process from global change. Self-identity is differentiated through various expressions, and one can find a fusion of similarity and uniqueness. Finally, we pay attention to the components of mankind, which are themeized in many ways, resulting in many problems.

 

GLOCALIZATION is a central concept in the recent discussion of globalization. It is necessary and considered to respond globally to regional situations. Sociology has said that spreading ideas and practices mean spreading from one region to another, and it is recognized that broadening of these means becoming globalized. Globalization flows in the direction of identity. But some people talk about a globalized world, which is just self-limitization. In that all ideas and practices coincide, and a unified force arises, globalization inherently limits itself.

 

Many historians and sociologists have great interest in the age of world connectivity and world consciousness. As such, history is mentioned a lot in the process of analyzing globalization, and the relationship between globalization and history develops. Typically, group members argue about the history of ethnic, national and regional groups in search of their true identity. By mapping the steps of globalization, we can see that globalization is a historical problem, leading to a new understanding of globalization.

 

Globalization consists mainly of two directions, which increases the connectivity of the world and the consciousness of the world. Globalization has a special form for meaning and purpose, and has four criteria. : nation-states; world politics; individuals; and humankind. Globalization is organized by many aspects, including culture, society, politics and economy, and these aspects are closely related to each other. Also most important is not to embody globalization. Recognizing the conceptual state of globalization is paramount. To the question 'what is globalization?' globalization is so inclusive that it cannot give a clear answer.

 

2) mention of interesting items

It was amazing that the word and concept of globalization had been mentioned very long ago. I thought that study and discussion on globalization had been made recently, that is, since the 1990s, when the Internet emerged, in earnest, and the boundaries between countries became blurred. However, it was very interesting that many scholars studied and discussed globalization before then. I also thought that globalization was closely related to cultural and social factors, but after reading this article, I found that economic also had a very big impact. So it was very interesting that there was a difference in understanding and concepts of globalization between developed and developing countries and I thought about 'globalization' one more time.

3) question(a debatable thing)

The fact that globalization is not concrete and generally undefined seems to give the concept of 'globalization' too much ambiguity. All words and concepts may differ from individual to individual acceptance. I think "globalization" is also one of them, There were doubts about the saying that globalization is a self-limiting process because it is a unified force of thought and practice, and that a globalized world is impossible world.

They also wondered if it was possible to recognize a conceptual state without recognizing an an ontological matter.

1.What is globalization? --Ma Shang

1.Summary

The author expounds his views on globalization through several parts (different angles), and further illustrates his views by citing the research and studies of some scholars.

Although many books and articles that talk about globalization have shown from the outset that there is no universal definition of globalization, the authors still provide as coherent statements as possible about their concepts. The reason why the concept of globalization is controversial is because the views of different parts of the world are different, and the definitions of globalization in developing countries and developed countries are quite different. With the progress of history, the topics and research directions involved in globalization have been given more definitions and a broader perspective.

In the part of the parameters of globalization, many people believe that the growing global consciousness coexists in a complex way, and they are interrelated. But after the real civilizational conflicts, people gradually realized that it is very stupid to ignore the cultural aspect of globalization.

In the discussion about dimensions, the authors say that the main aspects of association are culture, society, politics, and economy. However, it should be noted that when it comes to social concerns, it also includes communication. And none of these dimensions is more important than the other. Environmental issues are also part of contemporary human culture. Unlike most people in the economic and political circles, some sociologists, anthropologists, historians and cultural researchers regard globalization as a process, a huge and multifaceted complex composed of many processes, involving all aspects of human life. The author also mentioned McDonald's in this section. What McDonald's conveys is not a completely homogenized American culture, but a special global localization experience resulting from the collision of American cultural cores with local cultural habitats. The globalization of the economy will inevitably bring about the global development of culture. There are also contradictions and conflicts between the two, but it also shows that multidimensional thinking is very complicated.

The author then discusses the form of globalization, pointing out that there are generally four patterns of globalization in the present situation: the international-systemic aspect, the concept of humanity,  the individual selves and the  nation-state. The author also argues that nation-state should in fact be seen as an aspect of globalization. Individuals (local life) must also be within the scope of globalization. Individuals are full of uniqueness and have their specific forms and  modes of representation. In terms of the international system , it is no longer the case of polarization after the Cold War. People are no longer living in a unipolar world dominated by the United States. The dominance of the United States is challenged in many ways, and the current international system is in a state of ‘great and puzzling flux’.

The author then talks about a central issue in globalization: Glocalization. He believes that there is not a completely opposite relationship between the local and the global but different aspects of the same coin. Global localization is not only a marketing strategy, but also a new theory and trend of thought emerging in the context of global globalization and integration.

2. What was interesting/what did you learn:

I am very interested in the author's discussion on the dimensions of globalization. Globalization is a growing and concrete fact of global interdependence and global consciousness as a whole, which includes the interaction and influence of different life forms. But globalization is not only a growing global interconnection, but also a cultural and subjective issue. The author also emphasizes the primacy and fundamentality of culture for globalization. Culture is a comprehensive, pluralistic and relational concept. Therefore, globalization is not simply an economic issue, a political issue, a social issue or a problem of international relations, but first a cultural issue, because the global sphere as a whole is foremost a "system" of social culture.

3. Discussion Point:

In the past, we have paid more attention to the role of the globalization double-edged sword for developing countries. With the in-depth development of economic globalization, economic globalization has also had an adverse impact on developed countries. Mainly due to the transfer and hollowing out of the industry caused by globalization, and the deterioration of the employment situation in developed countries. Under the previous globalization paradigm, developed countries are the main driving force of economic globalization. Due to the negative effects of economic globalization on developed countries, the attitude of developed country voters to globalization has changed, which in turn has affected the political trends and policies of developed countries. In addition, although economic globalization has created enormous wealth, due to the existing global governance system and the international financial system, the distribution of interests in different countries is unbalanced. Also, at least some of the voices against globalization are due to geopolitical deterioration and social problems caused by refugee flows.

In summary, does the situation of anti-globalization means we need to promote new types of globalization? Because of the rapid development of economic globalization, the problems of the old mechanism of globalization have been exposed. As a result of the accumulation of these problems, more and more economies have realized that the old model of globalization and the accompanying global governance paradigm It is no longer able to adapt to the needs of economic development at this stage. Globalization may need to find new paradigms and new governance.

What Is Globalization? - Park chan young

1. summary

Globalization has been talked about for centuries, but it was not within the reach of learning from the late 1980s to the early 1980s. Practically used around the world was in 1989 when the Berlin Wall collapsed and communism collapsed. Since then, the globalization and anti-globalization campaigns have been carried out. Since then, there has been a perception that the anti-globalization movement is part of globalization. These movements are mainly related to capitalist globalization. Economic policies of globalization have been implemented by rich countries that prefer open markets, free trade, deregulation and privatization. As globalization continues with these policies, there have also been people who view them badly. With this focus on the economic aspects of globalization, various factors have been ignored. But globalization was affecting a variety of fields. For example, the idea of globalization, which regards the world as a place, has had a great influence on sociology. In addition, globalization has affected political issues concerning resource and territorial issues. In addition, migration and hybridization within the scope of globalization is affecting anthropology, creating a variety of social types.

Globalization is affecting various aspects. It is mainly classified into 4 areas: social, culture, politics and economics. With globalization connected with capitalism, rich countries have supported and actively pushed for globalization. Economic globalization Globalization is not a one-dimensional problem. Economic globalization has also influenced culture because it is a multi-dimensional issue. For example, there is McDonaldization. It refers to the spread of American businesses around the world, affecting American culture in other countries. Perhaps it is a phenomenon called cultural imperialism. Ironically, however, it also carries out a globalization strategy through localization to settle in other countries. For religious reasons, beef patties cannot be sold in countries that do not eat beef.

In the process of globalization, the spread of interaction and communication had a significant impact. It is hard to think of the big issue of globalization, connectivity, except for social interaction. In particular, the Internet has enabled long-distance interaction. Communication is an indispensable element in the social aspect of globalization.

General pattern in the process of globalization are the international-systemic aspect, concept of humanity, individual selves and the nation states. First of all, nation states should be included in globalization. Through the massive migration, the world is turning into a multicultural society. Multiculturalism has caused many problems and concerns, but it is gradually becoming a global benchmark. And make sure that it is no longer possible to exclude individuals from globalization. We must realize that our daily lives are also part of the globalization process. We must also pay attention to the international system. The international system is complicated by white or environmental issues such as U.S. domination, terrorism, growth of China and Russia. Finally, The human component, for example, is interested in environmental factors such as human beings and nature, animals, and the notion of human rights is also taking on fluid changes.

Globalization increases connectivity around the world. It makes everyone share a common sense. Globalization cannot be materialized. Very difficult to grasp or define the essence. Globalization is a concept and not an existential approach Globalization has its advantages, but it should continue to pay attention. Critical analyses are also needed. The injustice and exploitation resulting from globalization should be solved by us, thereby preventing globalization from becoming a negative word.

2. What was interesting/what did you learn

I was interested in the area related to glocalization. The case of McDonald's was also interesting. It was interesting, paradoxically, to embrace local culture to enable globalization to proceed. Also, I could feel the localization strategy in the service I use recently. I use Netflix these days. Netflix has spread worldwide through OTT services and is continuing. When Netflix was first launched in South Korea, it was mostly U.S. content and the amount of content in South Korea was smaller than other South Korean companies. So many people had predicted that Netflix would not succeed in Korea. But contrary to people's expectations, But, contrary to popular expectations, Netflix now has 1.84 million subscribers and is making a lot of money. Behind the scenes is Netflix's localization strategy. Netflix is working with Korean producers to create a variety of dramas and movies. And Netflix provide services to subscribers of the telecom service naturally in conjunction with Korean telecom companies. It was very interesting to apply what I learned from this article to my life.

3. Discussion Point

Hollywood movies are a big part of the global movie market. Hollywood movies are spreading all over the world. It offers a tremendous experience with huge capital and scale. However, films made in that country become hard to survive in each country's film market What should we think about the globalization of Hollywood movies? Should we restrict it by using policies like screen quotas? Or is this policy ignoring consumer freedom?

What is globalization?

1. Globalization is a phenomenon in the process of human development in society. There are many manifestations of globalization, but the links and exchanges between countries in various regions of the world are often enhanced. It is a process that refers to the flow of material and spiritual products that breaks through the constraints of regions and borders, affecting every corner of the planet. It affects our economy, society, culture, politics, technology, and even biology. And each field of study has a different perspective on globalization. For example, economics politics, anthropology. Globalization can have a different impact on every field. But globalization is not just a concept of going out in recent years. It has always existed in the history of the development of human society. For example, Mexican peppers have spread throughout Asia, and Ethiopian coffee has settled around the world. The Silk Road of ancient China. Columbus discovered the New World. All of this is in the concept of globalization. It’s just the time of this informational dataization. It seems that the speed of all things has been accelerated. With the advent of globalization, our lives seem to add a lot of different colors. But it also comes with something that is less idealistic.

2. When the culture of a country or region arrives at another region on a global express train, there must be some chemical reactions. For example, when the culture of some countries with better economic or social development is introduced into some countries with relatively backward economy and society. Some people think that foreign culture is better than local culture. Especially young people. Easy to be attracted by some colorful things. In turn, there will be problems in the local culture being squeezed into the living space. But in fact, there is no difference between culture and high. We don't want to see a culture eat another culture. This is also not conducive to the development of human society. Globalization is a process in the development of human society. It is not that there is opposition from a certain region or country that we can stop him from coming. For the above situation, you can only do a good job of it. Every culture should have its own living space, and other cultures should be welcomed to its own area.

3. If we only look at the benefits that globalization brings to our humanity, we can't help but sigh that globalization is really great! It is convenient for our lives. Adding a lot of fun to our lives has made our lives richer and more interesting. But in fact, he also has many problems. For example, development causes harm to the environment. For multinational companies in developed countries, in order to circumvent their mature environmental laws, when they build a global production chain and carry out international division of labor, some high-energy, high-pollution production links will be transferred to developing countries. Use the loopholes of local immature environmental regulations to avoid the environmental responsibility. As a result, this will cause great irreversible damage to the local ecological landscape, breaking the ecological balance and hindering sustainable development. In addition, as the raw material market, labor market, and commodity market are spread all over the world, local enterprises need to use more energy for transportation, which will eventually increase greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate global warming. Finally, due to global procurement and international division of labor, costs will decrease. Consumers can also buy goods at a lower price. When the cost of acquiring new goods is too low, it is easy for people to develop the habit of over-consumption, resulting in an increase in the amount of solid waste, causing a large amount of unnecessary waste and damage to the environment. Events like this have become a common phenomenon.

It is still the same sentence that we can't stop the arrival of globalization. Globalization does bring us a society. But how to face the problems and problems that globalization brings us is also worth thinking about.

What is globalization? – Yerim Jang

 “Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.” (wikipedia-Globalization)

l  Summary

“Globalization consists primarily of two major directional tendencies, increasing global connectivity and increasing global consciousness.” (2008, Robertson and White)

Globalization means the world's compression, its focus on the world as a whole. The meaning of globalization has been progressive for centuries. In relation to modernity, globalization clearly represents recent developments. The word 'globalization' is sometimes used very vaguely, and contradictory. But its use itself is part of the "global consciousness."

 There are three dimensions of globalization: cultural, political and economics.

Cultural globalization is one of the most visible parts of globalization. It includes both 'cultural homogenization' and cultural diversification. Globally, cultures are becoming more and more alike and fused.

Political globalization refers to the development of a political infrastructure of global governance. Today, the meaning of global interdependence is accepted worldwide. International, transnational and multilateral institutions have surged since World War II.

Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology, and capital.

l  What was interesting/what did you learn

I thought 'globalization' was a relatively recent phenomenon. But in the broad concept, it is something that has been going on for centuries.

An analysis of the way the world forms a global order, and the way people perceive such a world, is a way of understanding globalization. When we think of the world, we think of the whole world narrowly in our view. We need to think flexibly about the world and grasp the various branches of globalization.

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l  Discussion Point

An anti-modern attitude is inevitably modern in some sense.

The anti-global attitude shows that the issue is included in the discussion of globality. In that sense, there will never be a regression in globalization. 

<- Really? What do you think?