What is Globalization? -Blog about an article

What is Globalization? – Jae Eun Kim

Summary

This article, written by Ronald Robertson and Kathleen White, discusses about a number of disciplinary standpoints of globalization very thoroughly.

First, the writer indicates about the debate about definition of globalization in different areas of study. One of the disputes came from differences in perspective across the world. By the dispute which concept of globalization had gone through, scholars claimed that globalization should be granted as globalization as in plural form, “Globalizations.”

The writer specifies globalization by introducing Velho’s point of view. Velho (1970) saw globalization as a single object, perspective and a horizon. He also argued that globalization may be understood as the direction which the world as whole is moving. The concept of globalization was only discussed by explicit name in sociology and anthropology, but from late 1980s or early 1990s, the concern with globalization in effect began to be mentioned. In perspective of economy, there were some anti-globalization movements by some cultures because they perceived that great inequalities are produced by globalization. Globalization stood on the capitalistic side and by neglecting the development of some social sciences.

Writer discusses that globalization could be divided into three aspects; economical, political and cultural. Globalization is not applied in same ways to all countries. It needs a change considering the local’s cultural or traditional traits. So that better uniformity could be found. Paradoxically, when capitalism spreads it should understand and apply the local’s cultural background. For example, when McDonald’s has altered their menu because in India’s culture, eating beef is taboo.

Immanuel Wallerstein has raised a point that the world capitalist system could become a singular system. In fact, Vatican, Soviet Communist Party, German Fascism, and Imperial Japan could be some possibilities of making world as singular system. (I might have misunderstood the phrases)

Author proceeds by giving new term “glocalization”. The term “Glocalization” was produced by the mixture of globalization and local. Actually some might think that global and local are somewhat opposite concept, but scholars thought that this concepts are not a opposite ones but they are basically a different sides of the same coin. Also indicated that discussion of globalization is the old sociological and anthropological concept of diffusion, which ideas and practices spreading to one local to another. So it is not that surprising to hear a work on globalization is not novel.

To conclude, author states that there are three characteristics of globalization; first, it has two directional inclinations. Those inclinations are increasing global connectivity and increasing global consciousness. Second is globalization has intents and purposes consummated by some organizations. And lastly it is organized by cultural, social, political and economical facets and some aspects could be more prominent.

Moreover, Roland Robertson and Kathleen white argue that globalization should be recognized of its conceptual status not reifying it. The writer insisted that we need more sophisticated framework for the discussion of globalization. And added some views of undisciplined critiques using globalization as negative buzzword “in spite of much rigorous elaboration of globalization theory.”

Interesting part

Well, by reading this article, I learned lots of historical backgrounds of globalization, theories of globalization, and different point of views on globalization. The most interesting part in this article was that the history was so old and it made me think of the people’s lives back then. Also, I was quite interested that McDonalds have changed their menu because India taboos eating beef. I would reconsider making a shop there because I cannot think of burger without beef.

Discussion point

As shown in the article, “Globalization” can be defined in multiple views and also have either positive or negative connotation, how should we or how will you view and define the term “Globalization”? As mentioned in the chapter, if some of the terms of globalization are not novel, then what kinds of new aspect should we look or find for?

What is globalization? SHIN MIN KYEONG

Notwithstanding our attempt here to produce a definitely systematic way of analysing globalization, it should be strongly emphasized that in a major respect globalization is, in the frequently used phrase, an essentially contested concept.

Accompanying the advocacy of such a policy . one which has usually been labelled neoliberalism . has been the growing significance in the economic life of the world as a whole of transnational corporations (TNCs).

In the concentration upon the capitalistic conception of globalization a number of crucial social scientific factors were greatly neglected.

In the background of the rise of globalization theory was the relatively simple observation that the world was increasingly becoming a ‘single place’.

For example, the idea of the world as a single place has brought into great question the sociological tendency to conceive of the basic and largest unit of sociology as being society.

It is very widely, if somewhat misleadingly, thought that the most important single defining feature of globalization . whether considered as a very long-term process or a rather short one - is that of increasing connectivity(sometimes called interconnectedness).

In sum, it can here be stipulated that the major dimensions of globalization are indeed the cultural, the social, the political and the economic.

From Wallerstein’s point of view, the present world-system . or what some other writers have called world society, the global ecumene, global society and so on . has been produced primarily by the expansion of capitalism over the past fi ve or six hundred years. This expansion Wallerstein regards as now being increasingly challenged by what he calls anti-systemic movements.

One might well say that the idea of national identity has itself been globalized with increasing but intermittent intensity since the early years of the twentieth century. The multiculturality or polyethnicity of most societies has become an issue of great political contention. It would seem that nativistic, rightwing movements notwithstanding, forms of multiculturality are becoming the global norm (McNeill 1986).

This is why we consider it to be very misleading to think of globalization as being a solely macroscopic process, a process which excludes the individual, or indeed everyday life, from the realm of global change. Currently we may pinpoint considerable change with respect to the self . more especially, processes of individualization (Beck and Beck- Gernsheim 2002). Admittedly these changes tend to apply most clearly to the West, although there are intimations of these occurring well beyond the West.

In fact, the growth in the manipulation of individual identities by the state is all too apparent in much of the Western world. One notices this tendency particularly in the United Kingdom and the United States. At the same time, the identity of selves becomes increasingly differentiated in the sense that the self can and does assume a variety of forms and modes of representation, such as the ‘racial’, the national, the class, the religious, the gender and so on. This ability to manipulate one’s own identity is greatly facilitated by the anonymity of Internet communications.

Since the so-called end of the Cold War, we have witnessed an end to bipolarity. For much of the period since 1989 we have lived in a unipolar world dominated by the United States.

To the more conventional of human rights are being added a number of others, such as various categories of physical and psychological handicap, additional categories of gender and expanding rights for children and for the aged.

it has become with particular rapidity in recent years a relatively central concept in the discussion of globalization (Robertson 1992, 1995; Robertson and White 2003, 2004, 2005; Syngedouw 1989) in a much broader way. The problem that precipitated the introduction of the concept of glocalization was that concerning the relationship between the global and the local. Indeed, to this day it is not at all unusual to find the local being regarded as the opposite of the global.

Yet some people, very misleadingly, speak of ‘a globalized world’. It should be clear, however, that there can be no criterion as to what a fully globalized world might look like. In this sense, a globalized world is an impossible world.

We have also highlighted the importance of not reifying globalization. Globalization is not a thing, not an ‘it’. Recognition of its conceptual status, as opposed to its being an ontological matter, is of prime importance.

The many injustices and forms of exploitation which are rampant in the world demand continuing attention. But we insist that the attainment of ever more sophisticated frameworks for the very discussion of globalization is required in order for effective and plausible critical analysis to take place. One of the dangers of undisciplined critique is that globalization simply becomes a negative buzzword, something to employ as a source of blame for each and every ‘problem’ on this planet.」

 I think it is a very difficult writing conceptually. However, at the same time, I realized how fragmented and idealized I thought about globalization. I was doing a very lazy analysis of globalization. Globalization is not completed immediately just about the development of the Internet and the creation of SNS. Globalization has individual aspects, regional aspects, and so on. After the end of the Cold War, the neo-liberalistic economy spread around the world and the department of economy has emerged as the most important factor of globalization. A number of U.S franchises have settled in several countries, but it cannot be said to be a obvious proof of globalization.

Huntington said in 「The Crash of Civilizations」 “The most dangerous collision of the future will come from a combination of Western arrogance, Islam's intolerance and the pride of China. This clash of civilizations started not only from the differences in the historical and social backgrounds of each civilization, but also from the aspirations of independence after the Cold War and economic growth of each country to enhance the competitiveness of the human race and recover its identity through the religion. The West is trying to maintain its global hegemony and has continued its to spread Western political values and institutions. The Islamic world has a complaint with these Western imperial ideas and is trying to challenge them. The political structure of the world has been reorganized beyond the capabilities of each country into a larger civilization.

The demise of the Cold War has reduced the risk of a global war, but has further increased the number of regional conflicts. Conflicts have intensified due to nationalist eruptions, arms race and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, and regional and racial discrimination and religious issues. At a time when the balance of power between the United States and Soviet Union has been broken, each region is pursuing regional hegemony, which is developing on the level of civilization." As a result, the reality we talked about as ideal globalization is same as the ideal of the United States. world has not agreed to this globalization and there are still many conflicts.

Discussions about globalization are always contentious. Globalization is a very frequently used word, but there is no concrete concept in place Globalization is not created uniformly by a country. It can only be considered when globalization and localization move in a balanced and constant manner. We should consider whether we have recklessly made value judgments about non-mainstream countries in the name of globalization.

what is the globalization.

1. summary

Roland Robertson and Kathleen E. white start the article with introducing many terms of globalization uses and opposing to call globalization as a single process. authors tried to explain the globalization by reflecting on what others have talked about globalization.

authors mentioned that the interconnectedness is the most important single defining feature of globalization. globalization is considered as a combination of both subjective and cultural factors. connectivity is considered by political scientist, international relations specialists and economist in order to define the feature while anthropologists, sociologists and cultural historians is covered by consciousness in globalization.

there are three major dimensions. the economic, the political and the cultural. authors use Ritzer's McDonalization(2000) as an example of effects of globalization and its spread although Ritzer did not write it in same purpose.  this show thinking of the multidimensional and uni-dimensional terms.
authors specified that the major dimensions of globalization are cultural, the social, the political and the economic. by using Wallerstein's point of view, authors also explained world would be a single place through the activities of an ideologically based.

2. interesting point

After the Berlin wall's fall in 1989, the term started to use to the world was interesting point to me. totally different economic position of two sides has to be connected in force. one has to give up their own and adopt the new system. authors keep saying that the globalization is about connectivity.
However, it seems like the globalization is Tsunami that is unable to stop overflowing.
3. discussion

when the world is globalized more and more, the problem that other people have to face becomes my problem. how can we become not ignorant on those problem?

What is globalization? - Jaehyeon Seo

1. Summary

     We can't define the word 'globalization' clearly, but it's commonly used. The globalization we commonly use would have been thought of as a criterion for privileged countries.

     In fact, the concept of globalization has long been used. But relatively recently, the concept of globalization emerged in earnest because globalization in economic dimension (the spread of capitalism) was visible. But this is a fragmentary view of globalization. Globalization needs to be viewed in a multi-dimensional way.

     Globalization can be divided into four dimensions: economy, politics, culture and society. In the past, however, social dimensions were often overlooked in debates on globalization. But it can be said that the spread of social interaction and communication served as the backbone of the globalization process. Therefore, the article says that the four dimensions of globalization can be seen. However, one cannot say which of these four dimensions is more important, and it should be noted that it is not acceptable for others to be ignored.

     Next, the article also talks about the form of globalization and glocalization. We are talking about the importance of countries and individuals in the process of globalization and the consequences of globalization.

     Since globalization is not any 'thing', globalization cannot be answered as 'what'. We are merely constantly exploring the world and this is the task of mankind. And what should be thought here is that we must constantly talk about the injustices, exploitation and discrimination that arise in the course of globalization.

2. What was interesting/What did you learn

     I have also used the word globalization a lot, even though I have known it vague. Language shows much of the world. From the time the ‘Single Place’ was observed and the word globalization came out, it has been a very interesting opportunity for me to think about the processes, forms and our challenges. When asked what is most important in terms of politics, economy and culture during class, I answered, "Culture." I thought the economy and politics would follow suit. But it was on an economic dimention that the concept of globalization emerged in earnest, and all three could not be ignored.

3. Discussion point

     Many exploitation, discrimination and exclusion occur together in the process of globalization. We must speak out about it constantly. But then there are black and white people, capitalists and laborers whose power is clearly divided, and we can talk about women who are discriminated again in this time(think about the intersectional feminism).

What is globalization? - Jinsu Bae

<Summary>

I read an article about 'globalization' this time. This article is made up of six parts The first of these, THE PARAMETERS OF THE GENERAL PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION, focuses on interconnections and influences. The second topic, THE DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION, refers to three main dimensions of economics, politics and culture in relation to globalization. The next topic, THE FORM OF GLOBALIZATION, refers to the possibility, etc., of an integrated world. The fourth part, GLOCALIZATION, examines the aforementioned concepts and mentions the spread and limitations of globalization. And in GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBAL HISTORY, it mentions connectivity and the concerns and contentious history of the age of world consciousness. Finally, in CONCLUSION the aforementioned points were reviewed once again. Also mentions the importance of critical analysis of globalization.



<What was interesting/what did you learn>

I was interested in the section 'THE PARAMETERS OF THE GENERAL PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION'. The text mentions connectivity, and reports that various experts have studied topics that appear to be not generally their major. (If what I understand is correct)if this is called globalization, extremely, it may be argued that convergence is also a case of globalization. In this context, fusion refers to a phenomenon in which one subject plays various roles. For example, Fusion Hanbok has two or more characteristics(Western shirts and traditional Korean clothing etc). However if it is so fused, for example, if 'all of cultures' merge into one in the distant future, Is that right globalization?



<Discussion Point>

As mentioned in the preceding paragraph, I am skeptical about globalization. What is globalization? I simply thought that if a blue-eyed uncle lived next door, it was globalization. But the globalization I studied was more comprehensive. Globalization means everything, including a phenomenon in which cultures merge, resource movement becomes active, and common, shared knowledge arises. But in my eyes there was a culture that was absorbed by Western culture and was either extinct or decaying. In view of this, I hope that everyone will be skeptical about globalization. Intuitively look at globalization. What is correct globalization in your standards? Is there right globalization?

Pros and Cons of Globalization
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh03fuIlQNI

What is Globalization?_Bongnyoung Heo

1. Summary






Globalization is a very general and specific concept also. It is common because we have to cover as many world views as there are in the world, and it is specific because we are interested in the characteristic features of what is called globalization.






What is globalization? It is very difficult to answer the question in an abstract way, On the other hand, there are a number of specific examples including global governance, global citizenship, human rights, migration and refugees. There have been numerous attempts to create a clear and systematic methods to closely analyze the overall commonalities and differences of globalization that can be answered in this particular way, but in the end they have to admit that globalization is essentially a controversial concept. (However, it is rather unnecessary to claim uniqueness, given the similarity of conclusions among many scholars who have defined globalization personally.)



Still, attempts to define globalization in a manipulative manner followed much debate, which resulted from global differences of view. The difference in many worldviews derived from the gap between the rich and poor, social position and national power is not an insurmountable nature For this reason, many scholars refer to globalization as a plural rather than a single globalization process.


Indeed, the term globalization has spread worldwide since 1989 when communism collapsed. From this point on, the concept of globalization begins to be represented by the unidimensional concept of economics by the rise of capitalism. It becomes a symbol of what people think of as a 'nasty' aspect of globalization. However, when many sociological factors were ignored while concentrating on the capitalist concept of globalization, the anti-globalization movement took place in the 1990s, and the multidimensional approach of development developed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, and many studies on globalization were derived.






Against this backdrop of globalization theory, the idea was that the world was becoming a "single place." The unifying of the world, represented by "unicity," has had a lot of academic and political impact, including increasing questions about topics such as sovereignty and territory.


Many sociologists define the economy, politics and culture in three main dimensions of globalization. These three are very closely connected. McDonaldization, a concept created by Ritzer, allows transnational companies in the West to do business for economic gain but cultural adaptation is made to promote sales in each country. This kind of problem is expressed in the concept of glocalization. Sociologists also tend to underestimate the social dimension of globalization, and the spread of social interaction and communication represented by the Internet or mobile phones is also an important aspect of globalization.






Problems related to the form of globalization were raised by Immanuel Wallerstein. He raised early clues to an important study of the global capitalist system, a system that unifies the modern world. There also appears totalitarian ideas such as imperialism and fascism on the issue of unifying the world. These ideas may be regarded as one-of-a-kind, but they have become an important issue as attempts have taken place to recognize a protoglobalization by combining imperial movements with modern society.
The author also explains that the concept of a nation-state that has constituted a human society for centuries is not in decline and it is also part of globalization. Rather, the reason for globalization emerged to exist as a nation-state, and it also served to establish the identity of migrants on the issue of multicultural society and refugees, a problem derived from globalization.


Next, including the selves in the framework of globalization cannot be excluded from the scope of globalization either. Individualism taking place around the world isolates individuals and gradually increases responsibility for their actions. This phenomenon, in which society relies on individual efforts, is very dangerous because it can turn into a manipulation of an individual's identity.






2. What was interesting?/What did you learn?






What is globalization? It looks like a simple question, but it was never simple. In the article, the author does not define what globalization is. This is because it is essentially a very controversial concept and it is not easy to generalize. Everything in this article was new and interesting because I usually had only fragmentary knowledge of globalization. Reading the theories of scholars such as Velho, Ritzer, and Wallerstein was a totally new experience for me. I also learned about so many interesting subjects such as the global spread of globalization following the collapse of East Germany, the terrorist attacks of the Middle East against the West represented by the United States and resource competition hidden within it, religious war, and 4 dimensions of globalization, the relationship between Global and local and Glocalization.






3. Discussion Point:






the inclusion of selves within the general frame of global change has been motored by the conviction that it is not viable to exclude individuals – or, more generally, local life - was very interesting, but in the process of individualization resulting from such individual globalization, I realized that there was so much in sight in urbanized modern society that individuals were isolated and makes her or him more and more responsible for her/his action. How can we solve this ill of modern society where society relies on individual inputs and individuals who do not live up to expectations become losers? From a digitized modern society to an agrarian society again, it seems impossible and not efficient to return to a rural community. I think we need to discuss how to address the side effects of globalization.

Blog Assignment 1 - What Is Globalization? / Minjeong Lee

1. Summary

Globalization is a complex, pluralistic mix of elements. One of the views on globalization is that it is difficult to define, and there are differences in perspective, including global governance, global citizenship, human rights, and immigration. The other is that globalization is a target, perspective, and horizontal line. These two views converge into one through the multidimensional view of globalization.

Globalization can be seen in many areas, such as political, cultural, and economic factors. In the past, political globalization was carried out through war. Today, on the other hand, it's tried through diplomacy and international organizations. Cultural globalization is the most prominent part of globalization, for example Westernization and McDonaldization. Economic globalization is increasing the economic interdependence of national economies around the world as cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital increases dramatically.

The term 'Glocalization' represents globalization best. It's a new term, a management strategy that adapts to local culture and meets customer needs while pursuing globalization. For globalization, localization strategies that differentiate and produce products according to the needs of the local market are critical.

There are three characteristics of globalization. First, the two directions of globalization are to increase global connectivity and raise global awareness. Second, countries around the world are joined by many international organizations. We can discuss both international and domestic issues through international organizations. This is one of the biggest characteristics of globalization. Third, globalization consists of culture, society, politics and economics, the main aspects of human life.

2. New/Interesting/Unusual things I learned

I thought globalization was simply the political, cultural and economic component of one society that was accepted by another. Through this article, I learned that globalization may change depending on the characteristics of the society as the elements of the existing society spread to other societies.

3. Discussion

International organizations such as the WTO, EU, NATO and OECD are examples of economic globalization. They believe that while globalization is a positive effect, developing countries that do not belong to international organizations are more marginalized. There are countries that grow and fall behind as globalization progresses. In order to achieve a true globalization, these negatives must also be considered. What do you think about this problem?

What is globalization? - Nasuin

1) What is globalization?

Globalization is a general, concrete concept to deal with the views of every part of the world. Despite efforts to analyse the concept of globalization objectively and systematically, it tends to be rejected and unacceptable by different perspectives around the world. Therefore, many scholars study about globalizations in the plural. Velho (1997) has spoken of globalization as an object, a perspective and a horizon. This can address globalization objectively and extensively. Many sociological approaches were ignored as the capitalist approach of globalization was focused. The approach developed for this phenomenon was very multi-dimensional and ideological.

 

It is common to think that the function of globalization lies in connectivity. people who focus on connectivity tend to neglect subjective and cultural factors. However, both connectivity and consciousness have to be unravelled.

Bush's proclamation is completely opposed to Huntington's paper on the clash of civilizations. Huntington said the civilisation dispute stems, among other things, from differences in concepts about the nature and purpose of human life. Therefore, it is a very big mistake to overlook the cultural aspect of globalization.

 

There are three main dimension in globalization It is economic, policy and cultural. From a cultural point of view, Ritzer has the concept of McDonaldization. This refers to the spread of certain social and economic practices from cultural powers to other countries by big businesses such as McDonald's and Nike. The gist of cultural and economic views on globalization is that the expansion of capitalism, ironically, affects cultural expansion. Also, globalization has been dealt with a lot by sociologists, but ironically it has been rather left relatively unattended by sociologists. However, social interaction and spread of communication played an important role in the globalization process, and it is difficult to imagine connectivity without them. In sum major dimensions of globalization are indeed the cultural, the social, the political and the economic. And there is no need to say what is more important.

 

The issue of the form (or the pattern) of globalization was raised most by Immanuel Wallerstein(1974, 1980, 1989). From his point of view, the present world society, the global region, etc. were achieved by the expansion of capitalism. As for the form of globalization, we see that forms have different dimensions and sides, and that the process of globalization is effective in adapting to certain forms and in general ways.

First, the national anthem should be viewed as part of the globalization process. The debates about their identities are important things that show the importance of a nation-state in the process of globalization. Second,, it can be excluded from global change through the personalization process from global change. Self-identity is differentiated through various expressions, and one can find a fusion of similarity and uniqueness. Finally, we pay attention to the components of mankind, which are themeized in many ways, resulting in many problems.

 

GLOCALIZATION is a central concept in the recent discussion of globalization. It is necessary and considered to respond globally to regional situations. Sociology has said that spreading ideas and practices mean spreading from one region to another, and it is recognized that broadening of these means becoming globalized. Globalization flows in the direction of identity. But some people talk about a globalized world, which is just self-limitization. In that all ideas and practices coincide, and a unified force arises, globalization inherently limits itself.

 

Many historians and sociologists have great interest in the age of world connectivity and world consciousness. As such, history is mentioned a lot in the process of analyzing globalization, and the relationship between globalization and history develops. Typically, group members argue about the history of ethnic, national and regional groups in search of their true identity. By mapping the steps of globalization, we can see that globalization is a historical problem, leading to a new understanding of globalization.

 

Globalization consists mainly of two directions, which increases the connectivity of the world and the consciousness of the world. Globalization has a special form for meaning and purpose, and has four criteria. : nation-states; world politics; individuals; and humankind. Globalization is organized by many aspects, including culture, society, politics and economy, and these aspects are closely related to each other. Also most important is not to embody globalization. Recognizing the conceptual state of globalization is paramount. To the question 'what is globalization?' globalization is so inclusive that it cannot give a clear answer.

 

2) mention of interesting items

It was amazing that the word and concept of globalization had been mentioned very long ago. I thought that study and discussion on globalization had been made recently, that is, since the 1990s, when the Internet emerged, in earnest, and the boundaries between countries became blurred. However, it was very interesting that many scholars studied and discussed globalization before then. I also thought that globalization was closely related to cultural and social factors, but after reading this article, I found that economic also had a very big impact. So it was very interesting that there was a difference in understanding and concepts of globalization between developed and developing countries and I thought about 'globalization' one more time.

3) question(a debatable thing)

The fact that globalization is not concrete and generally undefined seems to give the concept of 'globalization' too much ambiguity. All words and concepts may differ from individual to individual acceptance. I think "globalization" is also one of them, There were doubts about the saying that globalization is a self-limiting process because it is a unified force of thought and practice, and that a globalized world is impossible world.

They also wondered if it was possible to recognize a conceptual state without recognizing an an ontological matter.

1.What is globalization? --Ma Shang

1.Summary

The author expounds his views on globalization through several parts (different angles), and further illustrates his views by citing the research and studies of some scholars.

Although many books and articles that talk about globalization have shown from the outset that there is no universal definition of globalization, the authors still provide as coherent statements as possible about their concepts. The reason why the concept of globalization is controversial is because the views of different parts of the world are different, and the definitions of globalization in developing countries and developed countries are quite different. With the progress of history, the topics and research directions involved in globalization have been given more definitions and a broader perspective.

In the part of the parameters of globalization, many people believe that the growing global consciousness coexists in a complex way, and they are interrelated. But after the real civilizational conflicts, people gradually realized that it is very stupid to ignore the cultural aspect of globalization.

In the discussion about dimensions, the authors say that the main aspects of association are culture, society, politics, and economy. However, it should be noted that when it comes to social concerns, it also includes communication. And none of these dimensions is more important than the other. Environmental issues are also part of contemporary human culture. Unlike most people in the economic and political circles, some sociologists, anthropologists, historians and cultural researchers regard globalization as a process, a huge and multifaceted complex composed of many processes, involving all aspects of human life. The author also mentioned McDonald's in this section. What McDonald's conveys is not a completely homogenized American culture, but a special global localization experience resulting from the collision of American cultural cores with local cultural habitats. The globalization of the economy will inevitably bring about the global development of culture. There are also contradictions and conflicts between the two, but it also shows that multidimensional thinking is very complicated.

The author then discusses the form of globalization, pointing out that there are generally four patterns of globalization in the present situation: the international-systemic aspect, the concept of humanity,  the individual selves and the  nation-state. The author also argues that nation-state should in fact be seen as an aspect of globalization. Individuals (local life) must also be within the scope of globalization. Individuals are full of uniqueness and have their specific forms and  modes of representation. In terms of the international system , it is no longer the case of polarization after the Cold War. People are no longer living in a unipolar world dominated by the United States. The dominance of the United States is challenged in many ways, and the current international system is in a state of ‘great and puzzling flux’.

The author then talks about a central issue in globalization: Glocalization. He believes that there is not a completely opposite relationship between the local and the global but different aspects of the same coin. Global localization is not only a marketing strategy, but also a new theory and trend of thought emerging in the context of global globalization and integration.

2. What was interesting/what did you learn:

I am very interested in the author's discussion on the dimensions of globalization. Globalization is a growing and concrete fact of global interdependence and global consciousness as a whole, which includes the interaction and influence of different life forms. But globalization is not only a growing global interconnection, but also a cultural and subjective issue. The author also emphasizes the primacy and fundamentality of culture for globalization. Culture is a comprehensive, pluralistic and relational concept. Therefore, globalization is not simply an economic issue, a political issue, a social issue or a problem of international relations, but first a cultural issue, because the global sphere as a whole is foremost a "system" of social culture.

3. Discussion Point:

In the past, we have paid more attention to the role of the globalization double-edged sword for developing countries. With the in-depth development of economic globalization, economic globalization has also had an adverse impact on developed countries. Mainly due to the transfer and hollowing out of the industry caused by globalization, and the deterioration of the employment situation in developed countries. Under the previous globalization paradigm, developed countries are the main driving force of economic globalization. Due to the negative effects of economic globalization on developed countries, the attitude of developed country voters to globalization has changed, which in turn has affected the political trends and policies of developed countries. In addition, although economic globalization has created enormous wealth, due to the existing global governance system and the international financial system, the distribution of interests in different countries is unbalanced. Also, at least some of the voices against globalization are due to geopolitical deterioration and social problems caused by refugee flows.

In summary, does the situation of anti-globalization means we need to promote new types of globalization? Because of the rapid development of economic globalization, the problems of the old mechanism of globalization have been exposed. As a result of the accumulation of these problems, more and more economies have realized that the old model of globalization and the accompanying global governance paradigm It is no longer able to adapt to the needs of economic development at this stage. Globalization may need to find new paradigms and new governance.

What Is Globalization? - Park chan young

1. summary

Globalization has been talked about for centuries, but it was not within the reach of learning from the late 1980s to the early 1980s. Practically used around the world was in 1989 when the Berlin Wall collapsed and communism collapsed. Since then, the globalization and anti-globalization campaigns have been carried out. Since then, there has been a perception that the anti-globalization movement is part of globalization. These movements are mainly related to capitalist globalization. Economic policies of globalization have been implemented by rich countries that prefer open markets, free trade, deregulation and privatization. As globalization continues with these policies, there have also been people who view them badly. With this focus on the economic aspects of globalization, various factors have been ignored. But globalization was affecting a variety of fields. For example, the idea of globalization, which regards the world as a place, has had a great influence on sociology. In addition, globalization has affected political issues concerning resource and territorial issues. In addition, migration and hybridization within the scope of globalization is affecting anthropology, creating a variety of social types.

Globalization is affecting various aspects. It is mainly classified into 4 areas: social, culture, politics and economics. With globalization connected with capitalism, rich countries have supported and actively pushed for globalization. Economic globalization Globalization is not a one-dimensional problem. Economic globalization has also influenced culture because it is a multi-dimensional issue. For example, there is McDonaldization. It refers to the spread of American businesses around the world, affecting American culture in other countries. Perhaps it is a phenomenon called cultural imperialism. Ironically, however, it also carries out a globalization strategy through localization to settle in other countries. For religious reasons, beef patties cannot be sold in countries that do not eat beef.

In the process of globalization, the spread of interaction and communication had a significant impact. It is hard to think of the big issue of globalization, connectivity, except for social interaction. In particular, the Internet has enabled long-distance interaction. Communication is an indispensable element in the social aspect of globalization.

General pattern in the process of globalization are the international-systemic aspect, concept of humanity, individual selves and the nation states. First of all, nation states should be included in globalization. Through the massive migration, the world is turning into a multicultural society. Multiculturalism has caused many problems and concerns, but it is gradually becoming a global benchmark. And make sure that it is no longer possible to exclude individuals from globalization. We must realize that our daily lives are also part of the globalization process. We must also pay attention to the international system. The international system is complicated by white or environmental issues such as U.S. domination, terrorism, growth of China and Russia. Finally, The human component, for example, is interested in environmental factors such as human beings and nature, animals, and the notion of human rights is also taking on fluid changes.

Globalization increases connectivity around the world. It makes everyone share a common sense. Globalization cannot be materialized. Very difficult to grasp or define the essence. Globalization is a concept and not an existential approach Globalization has its advantages, but it should continue to pay attention. Critical analyses are also needed. The injustice and exploitation resulting from globalization should be solved by us, thereby preventing globalization from becoming a negative word.

2. What was interesting/what did you learn

I was interested in the area related to glocalization. The case of McDonald's was also interesting. It was interesting, paradoxically, to embrace local culture to enable globalization to proceed. Also, I could feel the localization strategy in the service I use recently. I use Netflix these days. Netflix has spread worldwide through OTT services and is continuing. When Netflix was first launched in South Korea, it was mostly U.S. content and the amount of content in South Korea was smaller than other South Korean companies. So many people had predicted that Netflix would not succeed in Korea. But contrary to people's expectations, But, contrary to popular expectations, Netflix now has 1.84 million subscribers and is making a lot of money. Behind the scenes is Netflix's localization strategy. Netflix is working with Korean producers to create a variety of dramas and movies. And Netflix provide services to subscribers of the telecom service naturally in conjunction with Korean telecom companies. It was very interesting to apply what I learned from this article to my life.

3. Discussion Point

Hollywood movies are a big part of the global movie market. Hollywood movies are spreading all over the world. It offers a tremendous experience with huge capital and scale. However, films made in that country become hard to survive in each country's film market What should we think about the globalization of Hollywood movies? Should we restrict it by using policies like screen quotas? Or is this policy ignoring consumer freedom?

What is globalization?

1. Globalization is a phenomenon in the process of human development in society. There are many manifestations of globalization, but the links and exchanges between countries in various regions of the world are often enhanced. It is a process that refers to the flow of material and spiritual products that breaks through the constraints of regions and borders, affecting every corner of the planet. It affects our economy, society, culture, politics, technology, and even biology. And each field of study has a different perspective on globalization. For example, economics politics, anthropology. Globalization can have a different impact on every field. But globalization is not just a concept of going out in recent years. It has always existed in the history of the development of human society. For example, Mexican peppers have spread throughout Asia, and Ethiopian coffee has settled around the world. The Silk Road of ancient China. Columbus discovered the New World. All of this is in the concept of globalization. It’s just the time of this informational dataization. It seems that the speed of all things has been accelerated. With the advent of globalization, our lives seem to add a lot of different colors. But it also comes with something that is less idealistic.

2. When the culture of a country or region arrives at another region on a global express train, there must be some chemical reactions. For example, when the culture of some countries with better economic or social development is introduced into some countries with relatively backward economy and society. Some people think that foreign culture is better than local culture. Especially young people. Easy to be attracted by some colorful things. In turn, there will be problems in the local culture being squeezed into the living space. But in fact, there is no difference between culture and high. We don't want to see a culture eat another culture. This is also not conducive to the development of human society. Globalization is a process in the development of human society. It is not that there is opposition from a certain region or country that we can stop him from coming. For the above situation, you can only do a good job of it. Every culture should have its own living space, and other cultures should be welcomed to its own area.

3. If we only look at the benefits that globalization brings to our humanity, we can't help but sigh that globalization is really great! It is convenient for our lives. Adding a lot of fun to our lives has made our lives richer and more interesting. But in fact, he also has many problems. For example, development causes harm to the environment. For multinational companies in developed countries, in order to circumvent their mature environmental laws, when they build a global production chain and carry out international division of labor, some high-energy, high-pollution production links will be transferred to developing countries. Use the loopholes of local immature environmental regulations to avoid the environmental responsibility. As a result, this will cause great irreversible damage to the local ecological landscape, breaking the ecological balance and hindering sustainable development. In addition, as the raw material market, labor market, and commodity market are spread all over the world, local enterprises need to use more energy for transportation, which will eventually increase greenhouse gas emissions and accelerate global warming. Finally, due to global procurement and international division of labor, costs will decrease. Consumers can also buy goods at a lower price. When the cost of acquiring new goods is too low, it is easy for people to develop the habit of over-consumption, resulting in an increase in the amount of solid waste, causing a large amount of unnecessary waste and damage to the environment. Events like this have become a common phenomenon.

It is still the same sentence that we can't stop the arrival of globalization. Globalization does bring us a society. But how to face the problems and problems that globalization brings us is also worth thinking about.

What is globalization? – Yerim Jang

 “Globalization or globalisation is the process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide.” (wikipedia-Globalization)

l  Summary

“Globalization consists primarily of two major directional tendencies, increasing global connectivity and increasing global consciousness.” (2008, Robertson and White)

Globalization means the world's compression, its focus on the world as a whole. The meaning of globalization has been progressive for centuries. In relation to modernity, globalization clearly represents recent developments. The word 'globalization' is sometimes used very vaguely, and contradictory. But its use itself is part of the "global consciousness."

 There are three dimensions of globalization: cultural, political and economics.

Cultural globalization is one of the most visible parts of globalization. It includes both 'cultural homogenization' and cultural diversification. Globally, cultures are becoming more and more alike and fused.

Political globalization refers to the development of a political infrastructure of global governance. Today, the meaning of global interdependence is accepted worldwide. International, transnational and multilateral institutions have surged since World War II.

Economic globalization is the increasing economic interdependence of national economies across the world through a rapid increase in cross-border movement of goods, service, technology, and capital.

l  What was interesting/what did you learn

I thought 'globalization' was a relatively recent phenomenon. But in the broad concept, it is something that has been going on for centuries.

An analysis of the way the world forms a global order, and the way people perceive such a world, is a way of understanding globalization. When we think of the world, we think of the whole world narrowly in our view. We need to think flexibly about the world and grasp the various branches of globalization.

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l  Discussion Point

An anti-modern attitude is inevitably modern in some sense.

The anti-global attitude shows that the issue is included in the discussion of globality. In that sense, there will never be a regression in globalization. 

<- Really? What do you think?